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  • 0x0 题目详情
  • 0x1 解题思路
  • 0x2 代码实现
  • 0x3 课后总结

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  1. hash-table

442-Find-All-Duplicates-in-an-Array

Previous381-Insert-Delete-GetRandom-O(1) - Duplicates-allowedNext380-Insert-Delete-GetRandom-O(1)

Last updated 4 years ago

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0x0 题目详情

给定一个整数数组 a,其中1 ≤ a[i] ≤ n (n为数组长度), 其中有些元素出现两次而其他元素出现一次。

找到所有出现两次的元素。

你可以不用到任何额外空间并在O(n)时间复杂度内解决这个问题吗?

测试用例:

示例: 输入: [4,3,2,7,8,2,3,1] 输出: [2,3]

0x1 解题思路

解法1: 这道题有一种非常骚的解法。对于每个元素index,我们将nums[index]的元素变为其的相反数,这样如果有相同的index,那么在设置nums[index]的相反数前,nums[index]一定为负数。所以我们在设置只需要检查一下数据的正负即可,如果为负,则重复的元素为index。

解法2:

第二种方法就是抽屉原理,一个萝卜一个坑,8个萝卜要放在7个坑里,则至少有1个坑里至少有2个萝卜,如果num[i]-1!=i,表示nums[i]就是重复元素之一。那么我们如何把正确的萝卜放到属于他自己的坑里面呢?我也不知道。具体看代码实现吧,但是我又找不出反例,代码是抄别人的。这种也算是自定义哈希表吧,哈希规则就是nums[i]应该刚在索引i-1的位置上。

0x2 代码实现

``` java "自定义哈希" class Solution { public List findDuplicates(int[] nums) { List result=new ArrayList<>(); int index=0; for(int elem:nums){ index=Math.abs(elem)-1; //检查nums[index]是否为负 if(nums[index]<0){ result.add(index+1); }else{ nums[index]=-nums[index]; } } return result; } }

---

``` java "抽屉原理"
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class Solution {

    public List<Integer> findDuplicates(int[] nums) {
        List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
        int len = nums.length;
        if (len == 0) {
            return res;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            while (nums[nums[i] - 1] != nums[i]) {
                swap(nums, i, nums[i] - 1);
            }
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            if (nums[i] - 1 != i) {
                res.add(nums[i]);
            }
        }
        return res;
    }

    private void swap(int[] nums, int index1, int index2) {
        if (index1 == index2) {
            return;
        }
        nums[index1] = nums[index1] ^ nums[index2];
        nums[index2] = nums[index1] ^ nums[index2];
        nums[index1] = nums[index1] ^ nums[index2];
    }
}

0x3 课后总结

这个自定义哈希简直太厉害了,我佛辣。还有这个抽屉原理的解法,emmm,虽然我没办法解释,但是它就是正确的,它的做法似乎是不断把重复的元素往最后面扔,反正也挺巧。

原题链接