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  • 0x0 题目详情
  • 0x1 解题思路
  • 0x2 代码实现
  • 0x3 课后总结

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  1. dynamic-programming

279-Perfect-Squares

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0x0 题目详情

有 k 种颜色的涂料和一个包含 n 个栅栏柱的栅栏,每个栅栏柱可以用其中一种颜色进行上色。 你需要给所有栅栏柱上色,并且保证其中相邻的栅栏柱 最多连续两个 颜色相同。然后,返回所有有效涂色的方案数。

注意: n 和 k 均为非负的整数。

0x1 解题思路

对于一个栏杆,我们可以选择和前一个栏杆的同一个颜色,也可以选择不同的颜色。并且涂什么颜色和前一个栏杆的颜色息息相关。

这是不是有点像?对于一支股票我们可以选择买或者卖,但是卖的基础一定得是我们已经买了,而买的基础是我们得持有股票,这同样与前一天的是否持有股票相关。

所以与股票问题类似,我们对栏杆的颜色定义两个状态:0表示与前一个栏杆涂不同颜色,1表示与前一个栏杆涂相同颜色。那么如果我们选择对栏杆i涂不同颜色,总共的颜色方案为应该为前一个栏杆的方案总数乘以k-1,因为与前一个栏杆颜色不同,只剩下了k-1个颜色可以选。那么如果对栏杆i涂与前一根栏杆相同的颜色呢?这种情况下,栏杆i允许的方案取决于栏杆i-1有多少涂色方案。那么应该选择i-1的哪个状态呢?应该是0状态。因为i-1的1状态不取决于i-1能涂的颜色方案,它取决于栏杆i-2。又因为动态规划都是无后效性的,当前状态只与上一个状态有关。

在语义上解释应该是:i-1栏杆能自主选择涂的颜色只有0状态表示,1状态能涂的颜色数不是i-1能决定的。

0x2 代码实现

class Solution {
    public int numWays(int n, int k) {
        if(n<1 || k<1){
            return 0;
        }
        int[][] dp=new int[n][2];
        //dp[i][0]表示与前一个杆涂不同颜色
        //dp[i][1]表示与前一个杆涂相同颜色
        dp[0][0]=k;
        dp[0][1]=0;
        for(int i=1;i<n;i++){
            dp[i][1]=dp[i-1][0];
            dp[i][0]=(k-1)*(dp[i-1][0]+dp[i-1][1]);
        }
        return dp[n-1][0]+dp[n-1][1];


    }
}

0x3 课后总结

如果对于一个事物,它只有两种状态或者状态是有限的,可以枚举的,类似于股票买还不是不买。那么就能借鉴这种思路,为事物的每一次抉择分配两个或多个状态。

原题链接
买卖股票问题